GIS

Deep Learning

A type of machine learning using neural networks with multiple layers to learn complex patterns from large datasets.

Detailed Definition

Deep Learning is a specialized form of machine learning that uses artificial neural networks with multiple layers (hence "deep") to learn complex patterns from large amounts of data.

Neural network architecture: - Input layer receives data - Hidden layers extract features - Output layer produces predictions - Trained through backpropagation

Advantages of deep learning: - Automatically learns features from raw data - Handles unstructured data (images, text) - Scales with more data and computation - Achieves state-of-the-art accuracy

GIS and mining applications

Image analysis: - Satellite imagery interpretation - Core sample analysis - Geological feature detection - Change detection over time

Document processing: - Handwritten text recognition - Map digitization - Plat interpretation - Signature verification

Geological modeling: - 3D ore body modeling - Lithology prediction from drilling data - Geochemical pattern recognition

Limitations: - Requires large training datasets - Computationally intensive - Less interpretable than traditional methods - May require specialized hardware (GPUs)

Deep learning is particularly valuable for processing imagery and documents in mining and GIS applications.